DOI: https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v28i3.571

Plantas con actividad insecticida: una alternativa natural contra mosquitos

Maureen Isabel Leyva-Silva, Leydis French, Oriela Pino, Domingo Montada, Gisel Morejón, Maria del Carmen Marquetti

Resumen

El siguiente trabajo pretende compilar la información existente con respecto a estudios realizados en cuanto a la evaluación de la actividad insecticida de plantas contra mosquitos realizados en la región de las Americas en los últimos 20 años. Se utilizó las bases de datos Pubmed Central, SCielo regional, BioOne y buscadores como Google y Bing .Como criterio de inclusión se introdujeron las categorías: actividad  larvicida, adulticida-repelente, ovicida e inhibidora del desarrollo de aceites esenciales  y extractos de plantas en condiciones de laboratorio en especies del género Culex,  Aedes, Anopheles  en el área de las Américas en un período desde 1995-2015. La especie de mosquito más estudiada la constituye Ae aegypti seguido de Cx. quinquefascitus, Ae albopictus y Cx tarsalis, Cx pipiens, Anopheles albimanus. El país a la vanguardia en estudios sobre esta temática es Brasil seguido de Argentina, México, Estados Unidos, Perú, Bolivia. Estados Unidos se destaca por la evaluación de productos comerciales registrados a base de plantas con actividad repelente.Al menos de 239 plantas se evalua  la  actividad  larvicida, el  64 %  de los articulos revisados estudia este tipo de actividad con  aceites esenciales,  y el resto de los articulos evalua , las variantes conjuntas del aceite esencial y los extractos de diversos tipos  en una misma planta o los extractos aislados del aceite esencial . La evaluación repelente es el acápite más estudiado después de la actividad larvicida, dentro de los que se destacan la evaluación de formulaciones comerciales con principios activos naturales. Con escasa representación, se encuentran los estudios sobre la actividad ovicida e inhibidora del desarrollo. Más de 85 plantas han sido evaluada en forma de extractos y el extracto mas evaluado ha sido el  etanólico seguido del metanólico y el acuoso. 

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v28i3.571

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