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Características clínicas y fisiológicas del síndrome de Hellp
Resumen
RESUMEN
El síndrome de HELLP es una complicación multisistémica del embarazo que se distingue por el trastorno hipertensivo más la triada: hemólisis microangiopática, elevación de enzimas hepáticas y disminución del conteo de plaquetas. Está asociado con la aparición de graves complicaciones perinatales e incremento de la mortalidad materna. Ocurre en 0,5 a 0,9% de todos los embarazos y en 10 a 20% de las pacientes con preeclampsia-eclampsia. Complicaciones obstétricas como ésta deben sospecharse de manera temprana para poderlas atender de manera oportuna y así prevenir situaciones potencialmente fatales tanto para la madre como para el feto. Es por ello, que deben integrarse adecuadamente los signos y síntomas, comprendiendo el reto diagnóstico que este síndrome puede significar.
ABSTRACT
HELLP syndrome is a severe systemic complication in pregnancy characterized by hypertensive disorder added to the clinical profile that includes: microangiopathic hemolysis, elevation of liver enzymes, and decreased platelet count. It is associated with the appearance of serious perinatal complications and increased maternal mortality. It occurs in 0.5 to 0.9% of all pregnancies and in 10 to 20% of patients with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Obstetric complications such as this syndrome need to be suspected in clinical practice, to prevent fatal outcomes for both, the mother and the fetus. Therefore, clinical manifestations should be identified early to approach challenges that the diagnosis may pose.
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