Estado actual del conocimiento de los hábitos hematófagos de los Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) de México y sus implicaciones zoonóticas

Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal, Eduardo A. Rebollar-Téllez

Resumen

Las preferencias hematófagas de los insectos determinan la asociación entre parásito, hospedero y vector, siendo indispensable para saber que especie mantiene la infección en los animales silvestres o domésticos y cuál la transfiere al humano, para que la parasitemia se convierta en una zoonosis. Conocer las fuentes de alimentación de sangre de las especies de vectores es un requisito para valorar el papel que juega cada una de ellas en la infección humana.   En México se registran 50 especies de Phlebotominae y aunque las hembras de la subfamilia se mencionan como hematófagas de anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos; sus hábitos hematófagos y sus preferencias por hospederos son variados. Se hace una revisión descriptiva de la literatura sobre las preferencias hematófagas de las especies registradas en México, para valorar cuáles tienen especial importancia en la transmisión de Leishmania al humano y cuales mantienen la infección enzoótica en otros vertebrados, al tiempo que se incentiva el estudio de las preferencias hematófagas para aquellas cuyos hábitos alimentarios se desconocen

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