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Influencia del cambio climático sobre la transmisión de Leishmaniasis en Latinoamérica y el estatus de investigación en México
Resumen
El impacto del cambio climático en los humanos es cada vez mayor, irónicamente debido a factores antropogénicos como la globalización. En el caso de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores como las Leishmaniasis, el Cambio Climático (CC) puede afectar su epidemiología al cambiar la biología y ecología de sus vectores, reservorios y patógenos. Se realizó una revisión descriptiva de la literatura, con el objetivo de proporcionar información disponible sobre el efecto del CC en la incidencia y distribución estacional y espacial de la Leishmaniasis, el patógeno y sus vectores, y cómo puede impactar en la aparición y resurgimiento de esta enfermedad en los países de América Latina, destacando la problemática en México. Se buscó información de 2002 a 2021, en bases de datos de artículos científicos. Se encontraron 48 referencias, incluyendo seis artículos de revisión. El gran potencial de las Leishmaniasis para ampliar sus rangos de distribución geográfica, la variación de sus ciclos de transmisión, el aumento sustancial del número de casos y el aumento de la inversión para la exploración de alternativas de su tratamiento y control, ha provocado que las Leishmaniasis sean categorizadas como enfermedades emergentes.
Palabras clave: Leishmania, flebotominos, temperatura, ENOS, distribución, Cambio Climático.
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