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Análisis genealógico de diabetes tipo 2 en familias extensas multigeneracionales de una comunidad yucateca
Resumen
Introducción. La diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) afectó a 537 millones de adultos (20-79 años) en 2021, con tendencia a incremento, destacándose la menor edad de inicio. Los casos familiares son frecuentes, incrementan el riesgo de desarrollar la patología en las personas sanas en quienes es factible la intervención para minimizar riesgos. La genealogía es una herramienta para determinar la susceptibilidad genética y otras variables que contribuyen a determinar el nivel de riesgo.
Objetivo. Analizar el comportamiento de la DT2 en familias extensas multigeneracionales de una comunidad de Yucatán.
Material y métodos. Se realizaron entrevistas para identificación de afectados con DT2 en la comunidad de Sisal, Yucatán. Se construyeron genealogías y analizó el número de afectados, su distribución por sexo, la rama parental de transmisión, grado de parentesco y edad de diagnóstico. Se estratificó el riesgo de personas sanas para desarrollar DT2 con base en sus ancestros.
Resultados. Se identificaron 24 familias extensas, 769 individuos con proporción similar de hombres/mujeres, en 3-5 generaciones y 3-25 afectados con DT2 (32.4%). Predominaron las mujeres en número de afectados (en fallecidos 61.3%, en vivos 58%), alto número con edad de inicio temprano (<45 años, 48.9%) y tener progenitor afectado (75%). Ambos progenitores afectados representaron el 20.8%. Prevaleció la ascendencia materna (70.8%) entre los afectados. 71.6% de personas sanas presentaron riesgo alto para desarrollar DT2.
Conclusiones. Las genealogías permitieron identificar el predominio de mujeres entre los factores de riesgo y la rama materna entre afectados, así como un riesgo alto para DT2 entre sanos.
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